High-fidelity simulation increasingly supports the design, optimisation and operation of complex systems across engineering, energy, manufacturing, environmental sciences and emerging technologies. Its predictive potential, however, can only deliver real impact if simulations remain reliable, computationally affordable and sufficiently automated. Mesh adaptation is therefore a key enabling technology, allowing computational resolution to follow the physics, geometry and evolving scales of a problem rather than being fixed a priori. Adaptation is particularly important for multiphysics and multiscale phenomena, moving interfaces, evolving geometries, localised structures, strongly directional features and large computational domains, where uniform discretisation rapidly becomes impractical. Growing application complexity is also driving adaptation beyond traditional refinement towards scalable, geometry-aware, data-informed and increasingly autonomous computational pipelines. This session will explore recent advances and emerging directions in adaptive meshing, particularly the challenges of translating methodological developments into large-scale, real-world applications. Established approaches such as error estimation, goal-oriented methods and isotropic or anisotropic adaptation increasingly need to interact with HPC, parallel mesh modification, automated workflows, machine learning and data-driven decision making. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: • adaptive methods for multiphysics and multiscale problems; • anisotropic and geometry-aware adaptation; • moving meshes and evolving domains; • error estimation and goal-oriented adaptation; • parallel and distributed mesh adaptation; • scalable algorithms and HPC implementations; • adaptive strategies for complex industrial workflows; • machine-learning and data-driven adaptation; • adaptive pipelines for design, optimisation and digital twins; • applications across engineering, energy, manufacturing, environmental sciences and other large-scale computational settings. By bringing together numerical analysts, computational scientists, HPC and data experts, software developers, engineers and industrial practitioners, the session aims to foster cross-fertilisation of ideas and help shape the next generation of adaptive simulation workflows, bridging complex physics, scalable computation and real-world applications.